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	<title>Comments on: Thorium and the Liquid-Fluoride Reactor:  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle</title>
	<atom:link href="http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://energyfromthorium.com</link>
	<description>Devoted to the discussion of thorium as a future energy resource, and the machine to extract that energy--the liquid-fluoride thorium reactor.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sun, 22 Apr 2012 06:34:40 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: Ulli_nuk</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2624</link>
		<dc:creator>Ulli_nuk</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Apr 2012 20:10:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2624</guid>
		<description>The Xenon from a LFTR is not useful at all. 135-Xe decays to 135-Cs which is a long lived radioactive material. In contrast a conventional reactor produces 126-Xe, which is essentially stable and possibly useful, though it may not be recovered today.

Using a LFTR on a ship is a bad idea: The fuel is slightly water soluble.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Xenon from a LFTR is not useful at all. 135-Xe decays to 135-Cs which is a long lived radioactive material. In contrast a conventional reactor produces 126-Xe, which is essentially stable and possibly useful, though it may not be recovered today.</p>
<p>Using a LFTR on a ship is a bad idea: The fuel is slightly water soluble.</p>
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		<title>By: hm</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2608</link>
		<dc:creator>hm</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Apr 2012 20:04:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2608</guid>
		<description>does it better than LEU in aqueous homogeneous reactor or has the same advantages? ?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>does it better than LEU in aqueous homogeneous reactor or has the same advantages? ?</p>
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		<title>By: Nicholas Mapes</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2589</link>
		<dc:creator>Nicholas Mapes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Apr 2012 20:44:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2589</guid>
		<description>Has anyone approched the Navy about using a LFTR in one of there smaller ships like a destroyer or crusser.  Perhaps retrofit a mothball ship to demonstraite the fesability.  If you think about it how many billons of dollor are spent just to fuel the fleet in a year.  With the US budget being a polictical hot button I would be think they would be interested in atleasted expoloring this posibility.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Has anyone approched the Navy about using a LFTR in one of there smaller ships like a destroyer or crusser.  Perhaps retrofit a mothball ship to demonstraite the fesability.  If you think about it how many billons of dollor are spent just to fuel the fleet in a year.  With the US budget being a polictical hot button I would be think they would be interested in atleasted expoloring this posibility.</p>
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		<title>By: Raul Parolari</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2545</link>
		<dc:creator>Raul Parolari</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Mar 2012 18:57:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2545</guid>
		<description>I have to correct in my previous post the answer to the the second question asked by TofuNFiatRGood4U.

In the LFTR the plan is to burn the actinides and transuranics; only the fission products are sent to the waste stream. 
Of course this implies that the chemistry of the fission product removal should be selective enough to capture just (or mostly) fission products (and not transuranics).

I thank Robert Hargraves for the clarification.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have to correct in my previous post the answer to the the second question asked by TofuNFiatRGood4U.</p>
<p>In the LFTR the plan is to burn the actinides and transuranics; only the fission products are sent to the waste stream.<br />
Of course this implies that the chemistry of the fission product removal should be selective enough to capture just (or mostly) fission products (and not transuranics).</p>
<p>I thank Robert Hargraves for the clarification.</p>
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		<title>By: Raul Parolari</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2544</link>
		<dc:creator>Raul Parolari</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Mar 2012 18:38:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2544</guid>
		<description>I have to correct in my previous post the answer to the the second question asked by TofuNFiatRGood4U.

In the LFTR the plan is to burn the actinides and transuranics; only the fission products are sent to the waste stream. 
Of course this implies that the chemistry of the fission product removal is selective enough to capture just (or mostly) fission products (and not transuranics).

I thank Robert Hargraves for the clarification.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have to correct in my previous post the answer to the the second question asked by TofuNFiatRGood4U.</p>
<p>In the LFTR the plan is to burn the actinides and transuranics; only the fission products are sent to the waste stream.<br />
Of course this implies that the chemistry of the fission product removal is selective enough to capture just (or mostly) fission products (and not transuranics).</p>
<p>I thank Robert Hargraves for the clarification.</p>
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		<title>By: Energía del Torio - Inconvenientes de usar combustible sólido - Energía del Torio</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2543</link>
		<dc:creator>Energía del Torio - Inconvenientes de usar combustible sólido - Energía del Torio</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Mar 2012 23:11:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2543</guid>
		<description>[...] extraído de Thorium and the Liquid-Fluoride Reactor: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle           No Comments.       &#171; Un tesoro técnico y científico          Clic para cancelar [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] extraído de Thorium and the Liquid-Fluoride Reactor: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle           No Comments.       &laquo; Un tesoro técnico y científico          Clic para cancelar [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Raul Parolari</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2541</link>
		<dc:creator>Raul Parolari</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Mar 2012 19:55:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2541</guid>
		<description>@TofuNFiatRGood4U: 
the answer to your first question &quot;Don’t you mean uranium-235 here?&quot; is:

No, the difficulty is not to burn U-235 (which burns well, but there is little of it left in the reactor at that point), but to &quot;burn&quot; U-238. 
The reason is that when U-238 is hit by a neutron, it becomes Pu-239, which is fissile; and we just need a new neutron to hit the Pu-239.
 
But then, for the reaction to continue, each Pu-239 that fissions should emit at least 2 neutrons, one to hit a new U-238 (to produce new Pu-238) and the other to fission another Pu-238. 
This is not easy to obtain and it is the issue which sent the whole nuclear industry to try to build the &quot;fast breeders&quot; since Fermi time (and &quot;burning&quot; in the process immense... amounts of money since then); the other road was the MSR/LFTR.

Regarding the second question (&quot;there will be transuranics in the LFTR that will not be ‘burned up’ and will have to be stored for 250K years or so?&quot;), the answer is:
a) yes, there will be actinoid waste left by the LFTR too
b) but after 300 years the radio-toxicity will be 10 000 times less than the one by the existing reactors. 
So that&#039;s the difference: the LFTR has transuranic waste, but it lasts 300 years, and that is manageable</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@TofuNFiatRGood4U:<br />
the answer to your first question &#8220;Don’t you mean uranium-235 here?&#8221; is:</p>
<p>No, the difficulty is not to burn U-235 (which burns well, but there is little of it left in the reactor at that point), but to &#8220;burn&#8221; U-238.<br />
The reason is that when U-238 is hit by a neutron, it becomes Pu-239, which is fissile; and we just need a new neutron to hit the Pu-239.</p>
<p>But then, for the reaction to continue, each Pu-239 that fissions should emit at least 2 neutrons, one to hit a new U-238 (to produce new Pu-238) and the other to fission another Pu-238.<br />
This is not easy to obtain and it is the issue which sent the whole nuclear industry to try to build the &#8220;fast breeders&#8221; since Fermi time (and &#8220;burning&#8221; in the process immense&#8230; amounts of money since then); the other road was the MSR/LFTR.</p>
<p>Regarding the second question (&#8220;there will be transuranics in the LFTR that will not be ‘burned up’ and will have to be stored for 250K years or so?&#8221;), the answer is:<br />
a) yes, there will be actinoid waste left by the LFTR too<br />
b) but after 300 years the radio-toxicity will be 10 000 times less than the one by the existing reactors.<br />
So that&#8217;s the difference: the LFTR has transuranic waste, but it lasts 300 years, and that is manageable</p>
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		<title>By: Bill Ledsham</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2510</link>
		<dc:creator>Bill Ledsham</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 03 Mar 2012 06:55:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2510</guid>
		<description>These reactors were demonstrated as working models as early as 1966. However, the demand for weapons grade plutonium put a stop to their widespread use. We no longer need the prodigious amount of plutonium and the waste has become a football. Thorium reactors aer much more inherently safe than uranium or mox. Time to start building them and getting rid of our spent fuel inventory in a useful way.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>These reactors were demonstrated as working models as early as 1966. However, the demand for weapons grade plutonium put a stop to their widespread use. We no longer need the prodigious amount of plutonium and the waste has become a football. Thorium reactors aer much more inherently safe than uranium or mox. Time to start building them and getting rid of our spent fuel inventory in a useful way.</p>
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		<title>By: Tom Salken</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2505</link>
		<dc:creator>Tom Salken</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Feb 2012 21:29:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2505</guid>
		<description>I live in Alberta Canada. Until the disaster in Japan, the Alberta&#039;s electricity suppliers were sending out a magazine about every month. This was to prepare the public to accept a uranium type nuclear reactor near Whitecourt Alberta. They explained that this was to supplement the power used by the oil industry. The oil industry uses an incredible amount of electricity here for pumping and primary refining (for ever barrel of oil produced a barrel is burned to produce it).

I wrote a letter to the official opposition party in Alberta about Thorium reactors (the government in power only sees one line - oil), and about the possibility of creating a new industry in Alberta, because the oil is not going to last for ever. No one knows about Thorium and very few understand it.
Alberta, because of our need to custom manufacture for the oil industry has every capability to build and mass produce Thorium reactors. We have more machine shops in Edmonton, for instance, than any other city in North America. We also have every trade including the best technologies in welding and fabricating. This is where Thorium reactors should be built.
How do we sell the idea to government and the public?

Tom Salken
Edmonton, Alberta</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I live in Alberta Canada. Until the disaster in Japan, the Alberta&#8217;s electricity suppliers were sending out a magazine about every month. This was to prepare the public to accept a uranium type nuclear reactor near Whitecourt Alberta. They explained that this was to supplement the power used by the oil industry. The oil industry uses an incredible amount of electricity here for pumping and primary refining (for ever barrel of oil produced a barrel is burned to produce it).</p>
<p>I wrote a letter to the official opposition party in Alberta about Thorium reactors (the government in power only sees one line &#8211; oil), and about the possibility of creating a new industry in Alberta, because the oil is not going to last for ever. No one knows about Thorium and very few understand it.<br />
Alberta, because of our need to custom manufacture for the oil industry has every capability to build and mass produce Thorium reactors. We have more machine shops in Edmonton, for instance, than any other city in North America. We also have every trade including the best technologies in welding and fabricating. This is where Thorium reactors should be built.<br />
How do we sell the idea to government and the public?</p>
<p>Tom Salken<br />
Edmonton, Alberta</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: TofuNFiatRGood4U</title>
		<link>http://energyfromthorium.com/essay3rs/comment-page-2/#comment-2467</link>
		<dc:creator>TofuNFiatRGood4U</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Feb 2012 22:09:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://energyfromthorium.com/?page_id=43#comment-2467</guid>
		<description>Dr. Sorensen,

I appreciate the work you are doing to make the
public aware of the great possibilities inherent
in the use of Thorium as a nuclear fuel.  I have
a minor comment and a follow-on question:

Under essay3rs (presumably index.htm), you write:

Many, many recycles of the fuel would be needed to “burn-down” the uranium-238 present in the original spent fuel ...

Don&#039;t you mean uranium-235 here?

And, a clarifing question for me:
I think your comments about U-233 being 5 neutron captures away from transuranics is really important.
In one or more of your videos, you make the comment that transuranics created in the reactor are &#039;burned up&#039;, which I interpreted to be they would transmute up or down (mainly, down) the periodic table in response to their exposure to neutrons, alpha, beta or gamma rays.

Was I hearing you correctly, or does the essay3rs paper imply that, after 5 or more neutron captures, there will be in fact a small residual of transuranics that will not be &#039;burned up&#039; and will have to be stored for 250K years or so (a far smaller amount than normal reactors, but still, something which needs the be delt with)?

Thanks for your response in advance!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dr. Sorensen,</p>
<p>I appreciate the work you are doing to make the<br />
public aware of the great possibilities inherent<br />
in the use of Thorium as a nuclear fuel.  I have<br />
a minor comment and a follow-on question:</p>
<p>Under essay3rs (presumably index.htm), you write:</p>
<p>Many, many recycles of the fuel would be needed to “burn-down” the uranium-238 present in the original spent fuel &#8230;</p>
<p>Don&#8217;t you mean uranium-235 here?</p>
<p>And, a clarifing question for me:<br />
I think your comments about U-233 being 5 neutron captures away from transuranics is really important.<br />
In one or more of your videos, you make the comment that transuranics created in the reactor are &#8216;burned up&#8217;, which I interpreted to be they would transmute up or down (mainly, down) the periodic table in response to their exposure to neutrons, alpha, beta or gamma rays.</p>
<p>Was I hearing you correctly, or does the essay3rs paper imply that, after 5 or more neutron captures, there will be in fact a small residual of transuranics that will not be &#8216;burned up&#8217; and will have to be stored for 250K years or so (a far smaller amount than normal reactors, but still, something which needs the be delt with)?</p>
<p>Thanks for your response in advance!</p>
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