EnergyFromThorium

1. MSRE OPERATIONS
   1.1 Chronological Account of Operations and Maintenance
   1.2 233U Zero-Power Tests
   1.3 Operations Analysis
              1.4 Equipment
2. COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT
   2.1 Freeze-Flange Thermal-Cycle Test
   2.2 Pumps
   2.2.1 Mark 2 Fuel Pump
              2.2.2 Oil Pump Endurance Test
3. INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS
   3.1 MSRE Operating Experience
   3.2 Controls System Design
              3.3 MSRE Computer System
4. MSRE REACTOR ANALYSIS
   4.1 Long-Term Isotopic Changes and Reactivity Effects During Operation with 233U
   4.2 Analysis of Zero Power Rod-Calibration Experiments
   4.3 Calculations of Reactivity Variations from Power-Time Records
              4.4 Theoretical Analysis of Dynamics with 233U Fuel

PART 2. MSBR DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

5. DESIGN
   5.1 General
   5.2 Plant Layout
   5.3 Reactor
   5.4 Primary Heat Exchangers
   5.5 Steam Generator and Superheater
   5.6 Steam Reheater
   5.7 Removal of Reactor Afterheat
   5.8 Distribution of Noble-Metal Fission Products and Their Decay Heat
   5.9 Reactor Temperatures, Flows, and Heat Transfer
   5.10 Estimated Costs of 1000 MWe MSBR Power Station
              5.11 MSBE Design
6. REACTOR PHYSICS
   6.1 Physics Analysis of MSBR
   6.2 Physics Analysis of MSBE
             6.3 MSBR Experimental Physics
7. SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS DEVELOPMENT
   7.1 Off-Gas System
   7.2 Noble-Gas Migration in the MSBR
   7.3 Bubble Generator
   7.4 Bubble Separator
   7.5 Molten-Salt Steam Generator Test Stand
   7.6 Sodium Fluoroborate Circulating Test Loop
   7.7 MSBR Pumps
             7.8 Remote Welding
8. MSBR INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS
   8.1 Control System Analysis
   8.2 Calculations of Neutron Decay After Shutdown
   8.3 Dynamic Analysis of MSBR Steam Generator
             8.4 High-Temperature Resistance Thermometer Evaluation
9. HEAT TRANSFER AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
   9.1 Heat Transfer
   9.2 Thermophysical Properties
              9.3 Mass Transfer to Circulating Bubbles

PART 3. CHEMISTRY

10. CHEMISTRY OF THE MSRE
    10.1 A Material Balance for the MSRE Fuel Salt
    10.2 MSRE Fuel Circuit Corrosion Chemistry
    10.3 Adjustment of U3+/sigmaU Concentration of the MSRE Fuel Salt
    10.4 Examination of Simulated MSRE Fuel Mixture for Foam-Producing Properties
               10.5 Foaming Behavior in Molten Salts
11. FISSION PRODUCT BEHAVIOR
    11.1 Fission Product Behavior in the MSRE
    11.2 Fission Product Volatilization Tests
    11.3 Laboratory Tests on Aerosol Formation Over Molten Salts and Transfer of
    Niobium from Salt to Bismuth
               11.4 The Chemistry of the Noble Fission Product Fluorides
12. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF MOLTEN SALTS
    12.1 CeF3 Solubility in Molten Mixtures of LiF, BeF2, and ThF4
    12.2 Correlation of CeF3 Solubility with Solvent Composition
    12.3 Zone Melting of Fluoride Salts
    12.4 Behavior of CeF3 in the Fractional Crystallization of ThF4 from LiF-BeF2 -ThF4 Melts
    12.5 Properties of the Alkali Fluoroborates
    12.6 Limits of Miscibility in Molten Salt Systems: KBF4-LiF, Li2BeF4-KI, and Li2BeF4-KBF4
    12.7 Solubility of Thorium Metal in Molten Lithium Fluoride-Thorium Fluoride Mixtures
    12.8 The Crystal Structure of KBF4
    12.9 Densities of Molten Salts
    12.10 Spectroscopy of Fluoride Media
    12.11 The Distribution of U4+ Between Molten LiF-BeF2 ThF4-UF4
    and a (U-Th)O2 Solid Solution
    12.12 An Ni-NiO-BeO Electrode as a Reference Electrode in Molten Fluorides
    12.13 Emf Measurements with Concentration Cells with Transference in Molten
    Mixtures of LiF and BeF2
    12.14 Electrical Conductance of Molten KNO3
              12.15 Electrical Conductance of Molten Beryllium Fluoride
13. CHEMISTRY OF MOLTEN-SALT REACTOR FUEL REPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
    13.1 Simultaneous Extraction of Zirconium and Uranium and of Zirconium and Protactinium
    13.2 Protactinium Studies in the High Alpha Molten-Salt Laboratory
    13.3 Further Studies of the Reductive Extraction of Protactinium from Single-Fluid MSBR Fuel Salt by Thorium in Molten Bismuth
    13.4 Reductive Extraction of Rare Earths from Molten Mixtures of LiF, BeF2, and ThF4 into Bismuth
    13.5 Metal Phases Other than Bismuth for Rare-Earth Extraction
    13.6 Separation of Cerium from Thorium in Bismuth by Cold Zone Deposition of
    Thorium Bismuthide
               13.7 Extraction of Thorium by Electrolytic Reduction into Flowing Liquid Lead from Molten Mixtures of LiF, BeF2, ThF4, and Rare-Earth Fluorides
14. DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR MOLTEN-SALT REACTORS
    14.1 Determination of Oxide in MSRE Fuel
    14.2 Determination of the Oxidation State of Constituents of MSRE Fuel
    14.3 Emf, Voltammetric, and Spectrophotometric Measurements on the
    U(IV)/U(III) Couple in Molten LiF-BeF2 -ZrF4
    14.4 Emf Measurements in Molten Fluorides
    14.5 Development of a Molten-Salt Spectrophotometric Facility for Hot-Cell Use
    14.6 Absorption Spectra of 3d Transition-Metal Ions in Molten LiF-BeF2
    14.7 Effect of Reductants on Metal-Fluoride-Salt Wetting Behavior
    14.8 Determination of Contaminants in the Blanket Gas of NaBF4 Tests
              14.9 Determination of Bismuth in MSRP Salts

PART 4. MOLTEN-SALT IRRADIATION EXPERIMENTS

15. MOLTEN-SALT CONVECTION LOOP IN ORR
               15.1 Studies of Surface Wetting of Graphite by Molten Salt

PART 5. MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT

16. MSRE SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
                16.1 Examination of Particles Removed from Pump Bowl with Magnets
17. GRAPHITE STUDIES
    17.1 Fundamental Studies of Radiation Damage Mechanisms in Graphite
    17.2 Graphitization Chemistry and Binder System Development
    17.3 Hot Pressing of Graphite Pellets Using Various Binders
    17.4 Procurement and Physical Property Measurements on New Grades of Graphite
    17.5 Physical Properties of Graphites
    17.6 X-Ray Studies
    17.7 Electron Microscopy of Graphite
    17.8 Gas Impregnation of Graphite with Carbon
    17.9 Graphite Irradiation in HFIR
               17.10 Calculation of Lifetime and Induced Stresses in MSBR Cores
18. HASTELLOY N
    18.1 Influence of Titanium and Carbon on the Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Base Alloys
    18.2 Aging of Modified Hastelloy N
    18.3 Influence of Irradiation Temperature on the Creep-Rupture Properties of Hastelloy N
    18.4 Electron Microscopy Studies
    18.5 Measurement of Residual Stresses in Hastelloy N Welds
    18.6 Corrosion Studies
    18.7 Forced Convection Loop
              18.8 Oxidation of Hastelloy N
19. SUPPORT FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING
    19.1 Graphite-Hastelloy N Transition Joint Development
    19.2 Development of Corrosion-Resistant Brazing Alloys for Molybdenum
    19.3 Examination of Mo-TZM Capsule
              19.4 Bismuth Corrosion Studies
20. SUPPORT FOR COMPONENTS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
    20.1 Remote Welding Development
               20.2 Thermal Cycling Tests on Coated Bearing Specimens

PART 6. MOLTEN-SALT PROCESSING AND PREPARATION

21. FLOWSHEET ANALYSIS
    21.1 Proposed Reductive Extraction Processing Flowsheet for a Single-Fluid MSBR
    21.2 Protactinium Removal from a Single-Fluid MSBR
    21.3 Removal of Rare Earths from a Single-Fluid MSBR
             21.4 Material Balance Calculations
22. MEASUREMENT OF DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS IN MOLTEN-SALT-METAL SYSTEMS
    22.1 Extraction of Uranium, Zirconium, Protactinium, and Plutonium from
    Single-Fluid MSBR Fuels
    22.2 Solubility of Protactinium in Bismuth
    22.3 Extraction of Thorium and Rare Earths from Single-Fluid MSBR Fuels
    22.4 Metal Transfer Process Studies
               22.5 Effect of Other Components on the Solubility of Thorium in Bismuth
23. ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS OPERATIONS
    23.1 Electrolytic Cell Development
    23.2 Reductive Extraction Engineering Studies
    23.3 Simulated Molten-Salt-Liquid-Bismuth Contactor Studies
    23.4 Design of a Continuous Electrolytic Cell Testing System
              23.5 Experimental Facilities for Reductive Extraction Development Work
24. DISTILLATION OF MSRE FUEL CARRIER SALT